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Virtual Dictionary

Myelin Sheath

In order to fully understand the interface methods of neuroprosthetics and brain-machine interfacing, increasingly used to interface with VR systems, a basic grounding of the wetware components of the brain might be beneficial.

A myelin sheath is a wrapping of fatty myelin cells, which twist and wrap layers deep around a single axon thread or a cluster of them, providing insulation not dissimilar from electrical wire insulation. They also provide a track for important axon pathways to regrow along, if one is lost for some reason.

Not all axons are sheathed. Typically, these sheaths are restricted to the peripheral nervous system, and for nerve pathways where speed is of the essence ? muscle control and non pain sensory feedback. Pain nerve axons are not myelinated, meaning they do not grow back along the same path when severed, and their signals are uninsulated, resulting in signal bleed and slow propagation speeds.

See Also: Myelin, Axon, Neuron

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Related Dictionary Entries for Myelin Sheath:

Axon

HARDI

High Angular Resolution Diffusion weighted MRI

Myelin

Myelin Sheath

Neuron



 

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(20/11/2012)
Scientists at the Mainz University Medical Center have discovered another molecule that plays an important role in regulating myelin formation in the central nervous system. Myelin promotes the conduction of nerve cell impulses by forming a...


(04/12/2009)
Glial cells, which help neurons communicate with each other, can leave the central nervous system and cross into the peripheral nervous system to compensate for missing cells, according to new research in the Dec. 2 issue of The Journal of ...


(15/05/2012)
Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine researchers have discovered a possible mechanisms by which glial cells in the brain support axons and keep them alive.

Oligodendrocytes are a group of highly specialized glial cel...


(02/02/2005)
(Press Release) Among the principal obstacles to regenerating spinal cord and brain cells after injury is the "braking" machinery in neurons that prevents regeneration. While peripheral nerves have no such machinery and can readily regene...


(18/03/2009)
In a study published in the Journal of Neuroscience Feb. 18, UCLA neurology professor Paul Thompson and colleagues used a new type of brain-imaging scanner to show that intelligence is strongly influenced by the quality of the brain's axon...