From Animals to Animats: Issue 4: Proceedings of SAB'96
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By Editors: Pattie Maes, Maja J. Mataric, Jean-Arcady Meyer, Jordan Pollack, Stewart W. Wilson
Produced By The MIT Press
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Animals to Animats is a conference. It is held every two years, at various locations around the world, and brings together researchers from ethology, psychology, ecology, artificial intelligence, artificial life, robotics, engineering, and many other related fields, seeking to bind the disciplines together, and take animal cognition from the natural world, recreating it in alife.

The goal of the conferences is to drive understanding and ability to reproduce the behaviours and underlying mechanisms that allow natural and synthetic agents (animats) to adapt and survive in uncertain environments.

In short, starting with natural animal behaviour, transferring that to alife, in order to recreate adaptive, reasoning, and even natural intelligent behaviour of non-humans to artificially created animals and servant agents who can then adapt to changing environments without being explicitly programmed to.

These books each hold the complete set of papers successfully chosen by the conference in that year. As is usual with products of this type, where possible we link to or host the papers presented. If this has been possible, the paper name will be a link.

CONTENTS




THE ANIMAT APPROACH TO ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR



Building "Fungus Eaters": Design Principles of Autonomous Agents

Rolf Pfeifer


Human Simulation of Adaptive Behavior: Interactive Studies of Pursuit, Evasion,
Courtship, Fighting, and Play

Philip W. Blythe, Geoffrey F. Miller, and Peter M. Todd


The Engineering of Mind

James S. Albus

PERCEPTION AND MOTOR CONTROL


Self-Taught Visually-Guided Pointing for a Humanoid Robot

Matthew Marjanovic, Brian Scassellati, and Matthew Williamson


A Self-Organizing Model of the Antennal Lobes

Rainer Malaka, Stefan Schmitz, and Wayne M. Getz


Some Adaptive Movements of Animats with Single Symmetrical Sensors

Owen Holland and Chris Melhuish


Categorization in a Real-World Agent Using Haptic Exploration and Active Perception

Christian Scheier and Dimitrios Lambrinos


How to Attract Females: Further Robotic Experiments in Cricket Phonotaxis

Barbara Webb and John Hallam


Coordination in a Six-Legged Walking System: Simple Solutions to Complex Problems
by Exploitation of Physical Properties

Holk Cruse, Christian Bartling, Jeffrey Dean, Thomas Kindermann, Josef Schmitz,
Michael Schumm, and Hendrik Wagner


Orientation Behavior Using Registered Topographic Maps

Cynthia Ferrell


Locating Odor Sources in Turbulence with a Lobster Inspired Robot

Frank Grasso, Thomas Consi, David Mountain, and Jelle Atema


Dynamics for Vision-Based Autonomous Mobile Robots

Hartmut Neven, Axel Steinhage, Martin Giese, and Carsten Bruckhoff


Postural Primitives: Interactive Behavior for a Humanoid Robot Arm

Matthew M. Williamson


ACTION SELECTION AND BEHAVIORAL SEQUENCES



Action Selection Methods using Reinforcement Learning

Mark Humphrys


Towards Adaptive Behavior System Integration. Using Connectionist Infinite
State Automata

Tom Ziemke


Centrally-Generated and Reflexive Control Strategies in the Adaptive Behavior
of Real and Simulated Animals

Jim H. Belanger and Mark A. Willis


Variable Binding and Predicate Representation in a Behavior-Based Architecture

Ian Horswill


The Experimental Study and Computer Simulation of Fish Behavior in the Uniform
Environment

V. A. Nepomnyashchikh and Vera A. Gremyatchikh


Handling Time-Warped Sequences with Neural Networks

Claudia Ulbricht


INTERNAL WORLD MODELS AND NAVIGATION



How Insects Learn about the Sun's Course: Alternative Modeling Approaches

Jeffrey Dickinson and Fred Dyer


Spatial Exploration, Map Learning, and Self-Positioning with MonaLysa

Jean-Yves Donnart and Jean-Arcady Meyer


Adaptive Animat Navigation Based on a Flexibility Model for the Environment

Peter Veelaert and Herbert Peremans


Maze Navigation Using Optical Flow

Andrew P. Duchon


An Autonomous System for Extracting Fuzzy Behavioral Rules in Mobile Robotics

A. G. Pipe and A. Winfield


MOTIVATION AND EMOTIONS


A New Control Architecture Combining Reactivity, Planning, Deliberation and
Motivation for Situated Autonomous Agent

Francois Michaud, Gerard Lachiver, and Chon Tam Le Dinh


A Finer-Grained Motivational Model of Behaviour Sequencing

Emmet Spier and David McFarland


What Are Emotions For? Commitments Management and Regulation Within Animals/Animats
Encounters

Michel Aube and Alain Senteni


Reinforcement Learning and Animat Emotions

Ian Wright


LEARNING


Skinnerbots

David S. Touretzky and Lisa M. Saksida


No Bad Dogs: Ethological Lessons for Learning in Hamsterdam

Bruce M. Blumberg, Peter M. Todd, and Pattie Maes


Generalization in Instrumental Learning

Christian Balkenius


Learning to Use Selective Attention and Short-Term Memory in Sequential Tasks

Andrew Kachites McCallum


Explore/Exploit Strategies in Autonomy

Stewart W. Wilson


Learning Control Composition in a Complex Environment

E. G. Araujo and R. A. Grupen


Modular Growing Network Architectures for TD Learning

Pascal Blanchet


Learning to Detour & Schema-based Learning

Fernando J. Corbacho and Michael A. Arbib


Emergent Hierarchical Control Structures: Learning Reactive/Hierarchical Relationships
in Reinforcement Environment

Bruce L. Digney


A Model of Operant Conditioning for Adaptive Obstacle Avoidance

Paolo Gaudiano, Eduardo Zalama, Carolina Chang, and Juan Lopez Coronado


Learning Navigational Behaviors Using a Predictive Sparse Distributed Memory

Rajesh P. N. Rao and Olac Fuentes


EVOLUTION


A Developmental Model for the Evolution of Complete Autonomous Agents

Frank Dellaert and Randall D. Beer


Evolution of Plastic Neurocontrollers for Situated Agents

Dario Floreano and Francesco Mondada


Increasing Adaptivity through Evolution Strategies

Ralf Salomon


Toward the Evolution of Dynamical Neural Networks for Minimally Cognitive
Behavior

Randall D. Beer


Emergence of a Multi-Agent Architecture and New Tactics for the Ant Colony
Food Foraging Problem Using Genetic Programming

Forrest H Bennett III


Cell Interactions as a Control Tool of Developmental Processes for Evolutionary
Robotics

Peter Eggenberger


Evolution of the Sensorimotor Control in an Autonomous Agent

Susanne A. Huber, Hanspeter A. Mallot, and Heinrich H. Bulthoff


The Evolutionary Cost of Learning

Giles Mayley


Evolving Obstacle Avoidance Behavior in a Robot Arm

David E. Moriarty and Risto Miikkulainen


Automatic Generation of Adaptive Programs

Lee Spector and Kilian Stoffel


Sexual Swimmers: Emergent Morphology and Locomotion without a Fitness Function

Jeffrey Ventrella


COEVOLUTION


Cooperative Versus Competitive System Elements in Coevolutionary Systems

Robert E. Smith and H. B. Cribbs III


Co-evolution of Pursuit and Evasion II: Simulation Methods and Results

Dave Cliff and Geoffrey F. Miller


Incremental Self-Improvement for Life-Time Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

Jieyu Zhao and Jurgen Schmidhuber


Dynamics of Co-evolutionary Learning

Hugues Juille and Jordan B. Pollack


COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR


Oscillation-Enhanced Adaptability in the Vicinity of a Bifurcation: The Example
of Foraging in Ants

Eric Bonabeau and Francois Cogne


Dominance Interactions, Spatial Dynamics and Emergent Reciprocity in a Virtual
World

Charlotte K. Hemelrijk


A Study of Territoriality: The Role of Critical Mass in Adaptive Task Division

Miguel Schneider Fontan and Maja J Mataric


Emergent Adaptive Lexicons

Luc Steels


Synthetic Robotic Language Acquisition by Observation

Alexandros Moukas and Gillian Hayes


The Evolution of Communication Schemes over Continuous Channels

Gregory M. Saunders and Jordan B. Pollack


Using A-Life to Study Bee Life: The Economics of Central Place Foraging

P. de Bourcier


An Evolved Fuzzy Reactive Control System for Co-operating Autonomous Robots

Robert Ghanea-Hercock and David P Barnes


On Simulating the Evolution of Communication

Jason Noble and Dave Cliff


Collective Behavior by Modular Reinforcement-Learning Animats

Norihiko Ono, Kenji Fukumoto, and Osamu Ikeda


Robotic "Food" Chains: Externalization of State and Program for Minimal-Agent
Foraging

Barry Brian Werger and Maja J Mataric


(Not) Evolving Collective Behaviours in Synthetic Fish

Nahum Zaera, Dave Cliff, and Janet Bruten