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This story is from the category The Brain
Date posted: 27/02/2010 Transplanting fetal neurons into the brains of young mice opens a new window on neural plasticity, or flexibility in the brain's neural circuits. The research, published today in the journal Science, suggests that the brain's ability to radically adapt to new situations might not be permanently lost in youth, and helps to pinpoint the factors needed to reintroduce this plasticity. A better understanding of brain plasticity could one day point to new ways to treat brain injury and other neurological problems by returning the brain to a younger, more malleable state. "[The findings] reveal there must be a factor that can induce plasticity in the brain," says Michael Stryker, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco, who was involved in the research. "We hope that future studies will reveal what it is that allows the cells to induce this new period of plasticity." In the study, researchers examined a well-known phenomenon seen in the visual system of both mice and humans, during what is known as the "critical period" of development. If young animals are deprived of visual input in one eye during this stretch--about 25 to 30 days of age in mice--their visual systems will rewire to maximize visual input from the functioning eye. As a result, vision in the other eye is permanently impaired. "The cortex says, 'I'm not getting information from this side, so just pay attention to other eye,' " says Arturo Alvarez-Buylla, also part of the UCSF team. After the critical period, depriving one eye of input has little long-term impact on vision. To try to find out what triggers the neural plasticity seen during this period, the researchers took a specific type of neuron from the brains of fetal mice and grafted them into mice that had either just been born or were approximately 10 days old. Known as inhibitory interneurons, these cells release a chemical signal that quiets neighboring cells, making it more difficult for them to fire. The transplanted neurons, labeled with a fluorescent marker, began migrating to their normal place in the brain and making connections with resident neurons. See the full Story via external site: www.technologyreview.com Most recent stories in this category (The Brain): 22/05/2013: Physicist's Tool Has Potential for Brain Mapping |
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